Tuesday, February 12, 2019

Moonshine & Mayhem: Herschell Gordon Lewis, Blood Feast, and the Gore Film






            Screenwriter Diablo Cody probably thought she was being clever, or ‘indie’, when she oh-so casually named-dropped two visionary horror film directors in her script for Juno (2007). The off-beat comedy about a teen pregnancy inundated with not-so-subtle pop culture references comes off more pretentious than anything else, so it’s with at least a touch of irony that the names of Dario Argento and Herschell Gordon Lewis pop up. Especially so, in the case of the latter.
            Argento seems a bit more at home in a film that presents itself as both impossibly nerdy, yet too cool for school. His films, such as Suspiria (1977), have a tendency towards the grandiose, and that kind of flair certainly pairs well with Cody’s brand of self-important hipster-ism. Juno’s dialogue is so wordy, it’s amazing the actors don’t constantly trip over their lines. At times it seems like the film is pretentious simply because it can be, which is why it’s such a laugh when Ellen Paige and Jason Bateman take a break from arguing over forgotten 80’s punk bands to sit down and watch The Wizard of Gore (1970). It’s all the more amusing when Paige declares the film to be “better than Suspiria”, which is a clear sign that Diablo Cody probably hasn’t ever seen either one of those films. And of course, no one probably got a better kick out of Cody’s failed attempt at pop-savviness than the Godfather of Gore himself, H.G. Lewis.

            Lewis was never a man concerned with art, and that is perhaps why his films have such a lasting appeal despite being completely inept on any technical level. Nevertheless, it’s hard to overstate the influence his films have had on horror cinema. The aforementioned Wizard of Gore is, in fact, on of his later and better efforts; the culmination of nearly a decade of… uh… refinement. Prior to Montag the Magnificent chain-sawing volunteers in half in front of an audience, the director treated moviegoers to a veritable cornucopia of inspired lunacy that included homicidal twins (The Gruesome Twosome [1967]), psychotic hillbillies (Two Thousand Maniacs! [1964]), psychics battling witches (Something Weird [1967]), and even a crazed painter in search of the perfect shade of red (Color Me Blood Red [1965])! All of this insanity began with Blood Feast (1963), a weird little movie born of a fleabag motel and the need to make a buck…

            Before we get ahead of ourselves, it would be a bit of fun to look back at how the Godfather of Gore got his start in show biz. Herschell Gordon Lewis began his professional life as a high school English teacher. It’s especially amusing that the man credited with inventing the gore film, and therefore contributing to the moral decay of society on a grand scale (at least, according to Mom and Dad, and your local street corner preacher), was well-acquainted with the giants of Western Literature and their works. But this is a key piece to understanding the curious success his films garnered. H.G. Lewis not only directed his films, but produced them, photographed them, wrote the screenplays, and in many cases even composed the score! In a very real sense, he was a cinematic auteur, albeit of the trash bin variety…
            Lewis left academia to become a marketer in advertising, and this is where his story begins in earnest. During the course of this career-change, he bought out a small film production company, and set about producing a film. That picture, The Prime Time (1959), was a racy little thing that was deemed pretty sexy for the era. Nowadays, it appears quaint, especially by the standards of such television behemoths like Game of Thrones. Perhaps the only really lasting impact this first venture had was introducing Lewis to David F. Friedman, a producer and distributor who would be responsible for getting the fledgling filmmaker’s products onto theater screens.

            It was about this time that a very different filmmaking personality released a naughty picture of his own. Russ Meyer’s The Immoral Mr. Teas (1959) is widely considered the flashpoint (if not the very first) for a genre known as the “Nudie Cutie”. Exactly what they sound like, nudie cuties featured plenty of naked women doing various activities, none of which were sexual in any way. Since it was sexuality that was deemed obscene, and not simply nudity per se, these films centered around bare breasts and butts in perfectly normal, everyday situations. Nude volleyball, nude at the swimming pool, nude at the beach, nude in the kitchen, nude on the trampoline… No full frontal, no sex, but nevertheless, no clothes.
            Always one to recognize a cash-cow when he saw one, Lewis decided he would make his own flesh flick, and with a crew that consisted entirely of himself and Friedman, he managed to turn out The Adventures of Lucky Pierre (1961). The film (if several scenes of naked women with the same goofy man making faces can be so called…) was a financial success and Lewis was in business. The marketer-turned-director seized the opportunity and produced a slew of similar films in rapid succession, including the likes of Daughter of the Sun (1962), Boin-n-n-g! (1963), Bell, Bare, and Beautiful (1963), and even Goldilocks and the Three Bares (1963) – a curiosity billed as “the first – and to this date the only – nudie cutie musical!”

            In short order, Lewis and Friedman began to realize that the grindhouse market was becoming saturated with this particular brand of soft-core smut. By 1963, the money was drying up. The question then became a matter of finding something new, sensational, and above all, sellable. Enter Blood Feast. Lewis decided to make the same sort of pictures he had been, except nudity would be replaced with gore. Instead of clothes being removed from actors, it would be limbs! Instead of boobs and butts, it would be blood and brains! The set-up was simple, yet inspired. In a successful nudie cutie, the audience expected bare flesh every few minutes or so. Herschell Gordon Lewis’ gore films would take the same approach, except every few minutes he would show a scene of extreme violence – in living color!
            Blood Feast is often considered the first true gore film. This, of course, does not mean that graphic violence in cinema didn’t exist before 1963. Filipino co-directors Eddie Romero and Gerry De Leon showed a snippet of uncensored surgery in their Dr. Moreau adaptation Terror is a Man! (1959), and French filmmaker Georges Franju’s Eyes Without a Face (1960) boasts an infamously grisly facial operation. Even as far back as silent cinema, where Luis Buñuel graphically mutilated an eyeball on camera in Un chien andalou (1929), gore has been part and parcel of the silver screen. The stark difference between these earlier films and the brainchild of Herschell Gordon Lewis lies not in what is shown, but how it is shown.
            Graphic gore may have been present in horror films long before Blood Feast, but it was always brief. The camera would tease a glimpse, and then cut after just a few seconds. Some of these exploitation pictures would even rely on gimmicks to enhance the shock for audiences. The previously-mentioned Terror is a Man! employed a ringing bell to warn moviegoers of what they were about to see (to afford the squeamish the opportunity to close their eyes… heh…) In any case, the guts and grue were always brief. Lewis decided to go the other route. His films would linger on the violence. Nothing would be left to the imagination. And that’s exactly what happened.

            When Blood Feast opened in the summer of 1963, patrons were assaulted by just over an hour of exposed brains, dismemberments, nude flogging, and even a ripped-out tongue! Watching the film now, it seems hilarious in an unintentional way. The blood is clearly a bright red paint, the acting is beyond atrocious, and the editing is worse than a middle school project. It’s hard to believe that even audiences in the 60’s found this terrifying. Yet, there is something of a charm to the film that can’t be duplicated – except by the man himself, that is.
            The success of Blood Feast inspired Lewis to expand his newly created genre into a series of films. Together with the first, Two Thousand Maniacs and Color Me Blood Red make up what is commonly called ‘The Blood Trilogy’. And naturally, who can forget Wizard of Gore? It all culminated with The Gore Gore Girls (1972), the director’s last film before returning to marketing. He wouldn’t grace the screen with gore again until the new millennium, when fans would finally convince him to make Blood Feast 2: All U Can Eat (2002).

Unlike Juno, Blood Feast is honest and unpretentious (and, at least it didn’t unleash Michael Cera on the world). It doesn’t pretend to be bigger or more important than it is. Like Mr. H.G. Lewis himself, it is frank, straight-forward, and unconcerned with what others may think. While there certainly are plenty of splatter flicks to choose from (most infinitely better made), there’s nothing quite like Lewis’ patented brand of hillbilly ingenuity and unbridled enthusiasm. Perhaps this is why horror fans still search out the Godfather of Gore’s work over fifty years later?



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